Topology Optimization of Large-Scale 3D Morphing Wing Structures

This work proposes a systematic topology optimization approach for simultaneously designing the morphing functionality and actuation in three-dimensional wing structures. The was modeled by linear-strain-based expansion material. A three-phase material model employed to represent structural actuating materials voids. To ensure both stiffness with respect aerodynamic loading capabilities, problem formulated minimize compliance, while enforced constraining error between actual target shape. Moreover, feature-mapping utilized constrain simplify actuator geometries. trailing edge section designed validate proposed approach. Numerical results demonstrated that optimized sections utilize more advanced layout enhance performance keeping better than two-dimensional ribs. presents first step towards design of sections.